Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Transient Immunostimulatory Niche Synergizes Adoptive and Endogenous Immunity for Enhanced Tumor Control

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671875

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic illustration demonstrating proposed mechanism of ACTIVATE: (i-ii) Injected hydrogel containing adoptive T cells and cytokine(s) enables long-term local retention of cytokine alongside sustained adoptive T cell expansion and release over the course of 2 weeks; (iii) recruitment of endogenous immune cells, generating a local inflammatory niche for activation and expansion of endogenous immune cells; (iv) adoptive T cell and cytokine release elicit potent tumor cell killing, releasing antigens that can be (v) picked up by antigen-presenting cells and taken back to the tumor-draining lymph nodes for (vi) cross-presentation to endogenous T cells; (vii) combined with the activation and differentiation of endogenous immune cells in the tumor- draining lymph nodes provoked by drainage of adoptive T cells and cytokine enable (viii) engagement of endogenous immune cells for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. ( B ) Polymer- nanoparticle hydrogels formed through self-assembly of dodecyl-modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-C12) and degradable PEG-PLA core-shell nanoparticles, enabling co- encapsulation of adoptive T cells and stimulatory cytokines.

Article Snippet: Human cytokines were purchased from R&D Systems (Recombinant IL-2 Protein, Recombinant IL-7 Protein, Recombinant IL-2 Protein, Recombinant IL-15 Protein) and murine cytokines were purchased from Sino Biological (IL-2, IL-7, and IL-12A & IL-12B Heterodimer Protein (His Tag)) and PeproTech (Recombinant murine IL-15).

Techniques: Injection, Activation Assay, Polymer, Modification, Encapsulation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Transient Immunostimulatory Niche Synergizes Adoptive and Endogenous Immunity for Enhanced Tumor Control

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671875

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic of in vitro release assay of cytokines from ACTIVATE immersed in PBS. ( B ) %Mass of cytokines IL-12, IL-7, IL-2, and IL-15 released and remaining in the hydrogels over the 1-week assay. ( C ) Schematic of in vitro cellular release assay: Hydrogel containing PMEL adoptive T cells and cytokine is injected into a porous transwell suspended over medium. Cells proliferate within the hydrogel while also releasing into the medium below. At each timepoint, the medium below the transwell is collected, cells are counted, and transwell is placed into fresh media. ( D ) Cumulative number of cells released into the medium over various timepoints for PMEL and cytokine encapsulated hydrogels and PMEL only control. ( E ) Total number of cells remaining in ACTIVATE on the final day of the assay. ( F ) Total cell exposure determined as the sum of cumulative cells released and total cells remaining in the hydrogel on day 8. ( G ) Cell viability of the cells remaining in the hydrogels on the final day of the assay. ( H ) Representative flow cytometry plots and quantification of PD-1 MFI of PMEL cells in the gel 3 days after encapsulation. ( I ) Frequency of central memory (CD62L + CD44 + ) and effector memory (CD62L - CD44 + ) phenotypes for PMEL cells in the hydrogel 3 days after co-encapsulation with different cytokines. Data are representative of n = 3 technical replicates per group and presented as mean ± s.e.m. P values were determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test using GraphPad PRISM.

Article Snippet: Human cytokines were purchased from R&D Systems (Recombinant IL-2 Protein, Recombinant IL-7 Protein, Recombinant IL-2 Protein, Recombinant IL-15 Protein) and murine cytokines were purchased from Sino Biological (IL-2, IL-7, and IL-12A & IL-12B Heterodimer Protein (His Tag)) and PeproTech (Recombinant murine IL-15).

Techniques: In Vitro, Release Assay, Injection, Control, Flow Cytometry, Encapsulation, Comparison

Journal: Journal of Personalized Medicine

Article Title: Personalized Nanomedicine: A Revolution at the Nanoscale

doi: 10.3390/jpm7040012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of nanomedicines that can be currently found in the industrial pharma development/sales.

Article Snippet: Ontak/Denileukin diftitox , Seragen (Madrid, Spain) , Protein NPs , Various tumors/IV , Marketed.

Techniques: Liposomes, Polymer

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: A systematic review of interleukin-2-based immunotherapies in clinical trials for cancer and autoimmune diseases

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104539

Figure Lengend Snippet: Improved IL-2-based compounds for the treatment of cancer.

Article Snippet: Immune cell-targeted , CUE-101 CUE Biopharma , , Fusion protein of HLA-A∗0201, Fc, and CD122-biased IL-2 variant (H16A and F42A mutations). Amino acids 11–20 of HPV-16 E7 protein are loaded on HLA for delivery of IL-2 to antigen-specific CD8 + T cells. Development status: Clinical trials ongoing (Phase 2). , 1. NCT03978689 , Phase 1 study of CUE-101 alone or in combination with Pembrolizumab in HPV16-positive HNSCC (EE: 85 patients). , Recruiting (first posted 07.06.2019) , Interim results: 49 patients received monotherapy (1/49 PR, 15/49 SD) and 9 patients received CUE-101 + Pembrolizumab (8 evaluable, 2/8 PR, 2/8 SD). , , CT 78 , 79.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Produced, Polymer, Recombinant, Modification, Virus, Expressing, Ex Vivo, Irradiation, Injection, Control, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, In Vivo, Positron Emission Tomography, Adjuvant, Variant Assay, Activation Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncolytics

Article Title: Self-Assembled Multivalent Aptamer Nanoparticles with Potential CAR-like Characteristics Could Activate T Cells and Inhibit Melanoma Growth

doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: X-polymer Nanoparticles Promote Mouse T Cell Proliferation and Blockade T Cell Immunosuppression In Vitro (A) Flow cytometry analysis of the CD4 + T cells. T cells were labeled with CFSE; the first activation signal was provided by anti-CD3 antibodies and the second signal by anti-CD28 antibodies or X-polymer nanoparticles. T cell population was treated with PE-labeled anti-CD4 antibody and APC-labeled anti-CD8 antibody. (B) Histogram of the percentage of the CD4 + T cells analyzed by flow cytometry assay. (C) The content of IL-2 in T cell supernatant detected by ELISA. Blank refers to the group with only T cells and no antibodies or aptamer stimulation. The results are expressed as mean and SD of triplicates (∗p < 0.5, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: IFN-γ and granzyme B were quantified by ELISA using a mouse IFN-γ ELISA kit (GenStar, C707-02) and a mouse granzyme B ELISA kit (GenStar, C728-02), while IL-2 was quantified by mouse IL-2 ELISA kit (GenStar, C739-02) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Polymer, In Vitro, Flow Cytometry, Labeling, Activation Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay